![]() ![]() ![]() The number of letters in the original Glagolitic alphabet is not known, but it may have been close to its presumed Greek model. The words of that language could not be easily written by using either the Greek or Latin alphabets. It is believed that the original letters were fitted to Slavic dialects in geographical Macedonia specifically (the Byzantine theme of Thessalonica). The creation of the characters is popularly attributed to Saints Cyril and Methodius, who may have created them to facilitate the introduction of Christianity. Glagolitic script in the Zagreb Cathedral, Croatia The final Glagolitic entry in the Omišalj parish's baptismal register, by the cleric Nicholas in 1817 History Origins The Baška tablet, found in the 19th century on Krk, conventionally dated to about 1100 The first page of the Gospel of Mark from the 10th–11th century Codex Zographensis, found in the Zograf Monastery in 1843 The first page of the Gospel of John from the Codex Zographensis In a book printed in 1591, Angelo Rocca attributed the Glagolitic script to Saint Jerome. In the languages now spoken in the places where Glagolitic script was once used, the script is known as глаголица (romanized as glagolitsa or glagolica, depending on which language) in Bulgarian, Macedonian and Russian glagoljica in Croatian and Serbian глаголиця ( hlaholytsia) in Ukrainian hlaholice in Czech hlaholika in Slovak głagolica in Polish and glagolica in Slovene. The name glagolitsa is speculated to have developed in Croatia, around the 14th century, and was derived from the word glagoljati, literally "verb ( glagol) using ( jati)", meaning to say Mass in Old Church Slavonic liturgy. The word glagolitic comes from Neo-Latin glagoliticus and Croatian glagoljica, from Old Church Slavonic ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⱏ ( glagolŭ), meaning "utterance" or "word". Since then it has been a topic of academic interest, after a number of archeological discoveries. With the adoption of Latin and Cyrillic alphabets in all Slavic-speaking countries, by the early modern times the Glagolitic script remained in limited liturgical use, and went out of use in the 19th century. Jerome in the Croatian lands up until the end of the 18th century, which was popular even if wrong. It reappeared in the West Slavic area in the 14th century, but subsided by the next century. Since then it was found largely in Croatia, preserved by the clergy mostly in Dalmatia, to write Church Slavonic, with traces also in Slavonia. Glagolitic also spread in Bohemia, and there are traces of it in Moravia and in Kievan Rus', where its use declined by the 12th century. Both Glagolitic and Cyrillic were used until the 13th–14th century in Bulgaria. The Cyrillic alphabet, developed at the Preslav Literary School in the late 9th century, included some letters that were likely derived from the Glagolitic alphabet. In 886, the students of Cyril and Methodius were expelled and they moved to the First Bulgarian Empire instead. After the deaths of Cyril and Methodius, the Glagolitic alphabet ceased to be used in Moravia for political or religious needs. The brothers decided to translate liturgical books into the contemporary Slavic language understandable to the general population (now known as Old Church Slavonic), and Cyril decided to invent a new script, Glagolitic, which he based on the local dialect of the Slavic tribes from around Thessalonica. He and his brother Saint Methodius were sent by the Byzantine Emperor Michael III in 863 to Great Moravia to spread Christianity among the West Slavs in the area. It is generally agreed that it was created in the 9th century by Saint Cyril, a monk from Thessalonica. The Glagolitic script ( / ˌ ɡ l æ ɡ ə ˈ l ɪ t ɪ k/, ⰃⰎⰀⰃⰑⰎⰉⰜⰀ, glagolitsa) is the oldest known Slavic alphabet. 18 CE (derived from Eastern Arabic numerals and Brahmi numerals)Ī page from the Zograf Codex with text of the Gospel of Luke BCEĪdlam (slight influence from Arabic) 1989 CE ![]() Caucasian Albanian (origin uncertain) c.Cherokee (syllabary letter forms only) c. ![]()
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